江苏省盐城市环境空气质量综合评价及整治对策

随着经济发展的加速,盐城已逐步融入长三角经济体系中,城市现代化建设正在大踏步向前迈进,城市生态环境问题也日益受到关注,生态环境问题已成为社会关注的焦点,是衡量盐城社会经济发展的重要指标,实现环境、经济、社会的和谐发展已逐步成为人们的共识.文章针对盐城环境空气质量问题,运用SO2、NO2和PM10等指标表示空气环境质量,采用模糊综合评价方法对盐城空气环境质量等级进行了划分,并采用API指数评价方法对污染程度作出了评价,分析了盐城环境空气质量面临的挑战,提出了盐城市区污染的防控措施.     

一次区域性强沙尘暴天气过程成因分析

本文以实况资料为基础，对2005年中发生在我国内蒙古的一次强沙尘暴天气过程进行风场和温度场等的诊断分析，结果显示：（1）本次沙尘暴天气过程属于西北路径强冷空气入侵造成的。有利的气候背景是本次沙尘暴发生的基础。（2）大气斜压性强，动量下传作用是沙尘暴的天气诱因。200hPa高空急流的加强，850hPa强锋区和冷槽发生发展是沙尘暴的主要原因。在此基础上，得出沙尘暴的预报着眼点。     

SO2和氟化物对农作物的危害的鉴别与防治

SO2 和氟化物对农作物的危害可通过症状、镜检和受害叶片的化学分析来鉴别 ,并从风向、与污染源距离、障碍物和叶片成熟程度几方面与作物病虫等影响因素相区别。排放浓度、接触时和作物本身抗性是影响危害程度的主要因素。应从治理污染、选种抗性强树木、避开作物敏感生育期、合理种植、加强施肥等方面采取措施加以防治     

九龙江流域水体有机污染物背景调查方法

阐述了九龙江流域水体有机污染物背景调查的重要性和必要性,比较详细地论述了调查方案的制定方法、分析方法的确立、监测过程中的质量控制和质量保证措施等。     

模糊数学在室内空气质量评价中的应用

随着生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变,人们在室内生活的时间越来越长,室内空气质量的优劣直接影响到人们的工作和生活.尤其是近年来,出现了大规模的装修热,因此而引起的室内空气污染问题也日益突出.为了能够更客观直接准确的反映出室内空气质量好坏,本文依据国家标准GB/T18880-2002中的标准值,将空气质量分为五个等级.并根据模糊数学的基本原理,选取评价因子,建立室内环境质量模糊综合评价隶属函数,确定了模糊矩阵,把它应用于室内环境质量的综合评价中.     

京津地区能源、大气污染物扩散对区域元素循环的作用

对京津区域１９８０－１９９２年间能源利用状况进行分析，并通过模式计算该区域大气污染物的扩散规律，结果表明，大气污染物随能源利用增加而增加，其增加速率ＮＯｘ大于ＯＳ２，经预测，至２００４年京津地区ＳＯ２排放量增咖１１．４０％，ＮＯｘ增加５６．８０％，由于气象和地形条件所致，该区域内不利于大气污染物远距离输送，这使箱型区域内物料平衡计算可以简化。     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm-2·day-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

呼和浩特市空气污染潜势预报方法研究

利用1995～1997和2000年资料，统计分析了呼市边界层气象条件和影响呼市地区的天气系统，寻找出了城市污染与天气的关系，据此研究制定了有利和不利于污染物扩散的天气形势和气象要素指标，给出了不同污染物的空气质量等级判据，从而建立了呼市污染潜势预报方法。     

玉溪市环境空气质量及污染物分布状况研究

分析了2002年玉溪市各县区县城环境空气质量状况和污染特征 提出应采取措施,减轻SO2,对城市大气的污染。     

Influence of new town development on the urban heat island - The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996. However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 198.5 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above 2.0. Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be 4.5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.